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Only two of over 40 licensed virtual operators have launched commercially since 2023 due to infrastructure bottlenecks and host network delays.
The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has released a new draft framework titled “Business Rules for Mobile Virtual Network Operations in Nigeria” to address systemic rollout delays and unlock the country’s struggling Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) sector.
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Despite licensing over 40 virtual operators since 2023, only two have successfully launched commercial services. The primary obstacles have been infrastructure bottlenecks and prolonged host network negotiations.
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The proposed regulations aim to heavily curb the anti-competitive tactics used by incumbent Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to stall virtual entrants.
Key Provisions of the New Rules
Strict Negotiation Timelines
The update enforces rigid, capped timelines on Host Network Operators (HNOs) to conclude integration, onboarding, and testing agreements with licensed MVNOs. This strips major operators of the ability to create indefinite delays.
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Mandatory Written Rejections
If an MNO chooses to deny a virtual operator network access, it must file a comprehensive, written justification to both the MVNO and the NCC within 20 days. Internal restructuring, network expansion plans, or corporate adjustments cannot legally be used as excuses to delay onboarding.
Benchmark Selling Prices
To prevent market squeezing—where large telcos inflate wholesale costs to price out smaller players—the regulator will establish official benchmark floor prices for internet data, voice calls, SMS, and USSD access.
Ban on Hidden Fees
Host operators are prohibited from loading profit-sharing equations with hidden operational or infrastructure-access costs.
Modernized Tech Requirements
Clear parameters have been established to streamline remote subscriber onboarding, secure digital fraud mitigation, and manage eSIM distribution.
Explicit Tier Hierarchy Structure
The framework clarifies operational boundaries for its tiered model:
| Tier | Description |
|---|---|
| Tier 1 (Service-based) | Manages brand identity and customer platforms but owns no core routing or switching elements. |
| Tier 2 (Simple-facilities) | Allowed to issue independent SIMs and handle independent billing platforms. |
| Tier 3 & Tier 4 (Core/Unified facilities) | Permitted to build standalone switching and interconnect layers to route independent traffic. |
Timeline for Implementation and Stakeholder Input
The NCC is executing a transparent review period to finalize the framework:
June 29, 2026 – Deadline for all industry stakeholders and members of the public to submit formal written feedback directly to the Executive Vice Chairman of the Commission.
July 9, 2026 – A public inquiry session will hold at 11:00 a.m. at the NCC Head Office Annex in Mbora District, Abuja, where virtual and major operators will debate wholesale conditions and commercial terms.
